U.S. EPA. 2000;108:A120–5. “Well respected meteorologists and climate scientists believe that Hurricane Florence reflects the impact of human-caused climate change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00325-5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00325-5, Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2001;2:203–10. Wang ZD, Fingas M, Shu YY, Sigouin L, Landriault M, Lambert P, et al. U.S. Department of the Interior, editor. Coal ash sites and hog farms are overflowing from Hurricane Florence, echoing the environmental chaos when chemical plants flooded during Hurricane Harvey. Waters keep rising as slow-moving Hurricane Florence continued westward, after already having caused destruction across several states. Hurricane Florencemade landfall in North Carolina on September 14, 2018. The following brief communication provides information on fatalities, property damage, and environmental impact caused by hurricane Florence based on best available data at the time of publication. Nisbet IC, LaGoy PK. Rieble DD, Hass CN, Pardue J, Walsh W. Toxic and contaminant concerns generated by hurricane Katrina. NIEHS Environmental Factor. Google Scholar. Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, Noor A. Aly, Gaston Casillas, Yu-Syuan Luo, Thomas J. McDonald, Terry L. Wade, Weihsueh A. Chiu & Ivan Rusyn, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, Noor A. Aly, Yu-Syuan Luo, Weihsueh A. Chiu & Ivan Rusyn, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA, Departments of Biological Sciences and Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA, You can also search for this author in racist or sexually-oriented language. Florence, the eighth-wettest tropical cyclone to hit the mainland United States – and the wettest ever to hit North Carolina – dumped nearly 3 feet of rain across parts of that state. However, the environmental effects are less well-known. In addition to damaging winds and significant coastal storm surge, Florence dropped record rainfall totals on many parts of North and South Carolina, resulting in major flooding in both states. Peduzzi P, Chatenoux B, Dao H, De Bono A, Herold C, Kossin J, et al. Los Angeles, CA 90045Phone: 310-338 2700 Email: editor@theloyolan.com, © Copyright 2021 Los Angeles Loyolan, 1 LMU Dr. #8470 Los Angeles, CA, Powered by BLOX Content Management System from TownNews.com, Please disable your ad blocker, whitelist our site, or purchase a subscription. Article  NASA's Earth Observatory has released two sets of images which highlight the significant environmental impact of Hurricane Florence, days after it swept through the Carolinas. Photos Capture Rain-Fueled Power of Hurricane Florence. Srivastava VK, Srivastava PK, Misra UK. An airman holds an Air Force plane in place after redirecting over 50 aircrafts due to Hurricane Florence. Environmental impacts caused by Hurricane Florence, #ResetTheRoom presents 'equity through narrative', Loyola Law professor Justin Levitt appointed senior advisor for President Biden, Opinion: Issues and concerns with the European Super League, Opinion: No. This work was funded, in part, by grants P42 ES027704, P30 ES029067, and T32 ES026568 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Hurricane Florence, a large and slow moving category one hurricane, made landfall during the morning of September 14, 2018. Environ Geochem Health. Hurricane Florence's Rains May Be 50% Worse Thanks to Climate Change. The hurricane had rapidly intensified by Sept. 9. into a major hurricane, prompting President Trump to approve an emergency declaration for both North and South Carolina in anticipation of the hurricane, according to CBS News. 2018. https://energynews.us/2018/10/16/southeast/critics-north-carolina-officials-failing-after-florence-coal-ash-spills/. Environmental analysts will have their work cut out for them as they attempt to measure the environmental impact of … Knutson TR, McBride JL, Chan J, Emanuel K, Holland G, Landsea C, et al. Evidence for unmonitored coal ash spills in Sutton Lake, North Carolina: Implications for contamination of lake ecosystems. 2020;26:968–85. Baseline data for distribution of contaminants by natural disasters: results from a residential Houston neighborhood during Hurricane Harvey flooding. This video is unavailable. Google Scholar. Detection of influential observations in linear regression. Several friends of Chan attending University of North Carolina at Wilmington (UNCW) had to evacuate. Cancer IAfRo, editor. 2019;5:e02860. et al. Treatise Geochem. 2004;13:1–16. Environ Health Perspect. Silver Spring, MD; 1998. VAT will be added later in the checkout.Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Be Nice. Don't knowingly lie about anyone (2021)Cite this article. Energy News Network. Nat Clim Change. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Wang Z, Yang C, Parrott JL, Frank RA, Yang Z, Brown CE, et al. “So far, my friends have notified me that they have not had school because their college campuses are trying to prepare. 2004;156:145–50. The hurricane lashed North and South Carolina with powerful winds and relentless rain, leaving 343,000 people without power in North Carolina and causing catastrophic flooding up to approximately 40 inches of rainfall in certain regions, requiring well more than 1,000 rescuers, as reported by the New York Times. 2012;184:1107–19. Nat Hazards. The death toll is rising with at least 35 dead — 25 in North Carolina, 6 in South Carolina and 1 in Virginia at the time of publication, according to CBS News. That's according to a new predictive study by scientists looking at … 2006;36:5–13. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Quantitative characterization of PAHs in burn residue and soot samples and differentiation of pyrogenic PAHs from petrogenic PAHs—The 1994 Mobile Burn Study. Athens, GA: U.S. EPA; 2007. The public health impact of hurricanes and major flooding. J Environ Engin. Environmental impacts caused by Hurricane Florence. Silva MH, Kwok A. Internet Explorer). 1977;19:15–8. Cruz AM, Steinberg LJ, Luna R. Identifying hurricane-induced hazardous material release scenarios in a petroleum refinery. Bera G, Camargo K, Sericano JL, Liu Y, Sweet ST, Horney J, et al. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey; 2013. Sci Total Environ. Environ Sci Technol. IARC. What goes unnoticed and unreported initially within communities impacted is the environmental damage caused by these events. It also establishes baseline levels of contaminants for future comparisons. Horney JA, Casillas GA, Baker E, Stone KW, Kirsch KR, Camargo K, et al. Environ Toxicol Chem. CAS  2018;13:e0192660. However, between 70 and 85 percent of the flood damage from the storm is estimated to have occurred to uninsured properties. “When the rain lands you want it to roll back out to the ocean as fast as it can,” Strauss said. Hum Ecol Risk Assess. Assessing the national capacity for disaster research response (DR2) within the NIEHS Environmental Health Sciences Core Centers. Winsor M. Timeline of Florence as slow-moving, deadly storm batters Carolinas. To measure the potential impact of Hurricane Florence, nonprofit Direct Relief created interactive maps that break down its projected impacts on various communities based on their specific vulnerabilities including socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, housing and … As Hurricane Florence's floodwaters began receding, environmental watchdogs affiliated with the Waterkeeper Alliance took to airplanes and boats to document the pollution released as a result of storm.. What they found is disturbing. 2004;26:376–83. Tropical cyclones and climate change. Numerous houses have lost power and certain areas are flooded with fallen trees and scattered debris, as reported by the New York Times. Horney JA, Rios J, Cantu A, Ramsey S, Montemayor L, Raun L, et al. 2019. or anything. Ruhl L, Vengosh A, Dwyer GS, Hsu-Kim H, Deonarine A. Several potential point sources of hazardous substances and Superfund sites sustained water damage and contaminants may have been released into the environment. Check it out! and JavaScript. Cook RD. Long-Term Environmental Impact of Hurricane Florence Yet to be Seen. Environ Sci Technol. Environ Monit Assess. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA; 2010. 2017;24:10301–12. Errett NA, Haynes EN, Wyland N, Everhart A, Pendergrast C, Parker EA. 2014;271:166–77. Warren C, Duzgoren-Aydin NS, Weston J, Willett KL. PLoS ONE. Nearly two weeks after Hurricane Florence made landfall in the Southeast, many communities in North and South Carolina are still evacuated as rivers swollen with rain cause historic flooding and threaten homes, industry, and … accounts, the history behind an article. Soil samples were collected from 12 sites across four counties in North Carolina in September 2018, January and May 2019. PLEASE TURN OFF YOUR CAPS LOCK. Last week, the East Coast prepared for Hurricane Florence, which roared through the Carolinas and Georgia. 2018. Aly, N.A., Casillas, G., Luo, YS. The storm currently has a maximum sustained wind speed of 25 mph and is located 105 miles west-northwest of New York City at the time of publication, as reported by CBS News. You have permission to edit this article. After Hurricane Florence devastated southeastern North Carolina, NIEHS grantees hit the ground running to test for contaminants. By building houses close to the coastal margins in the face of climate change, “people are directly in harm’s way,” according to Strauss. Mandigo AC, DiScenza DJ, Keimowitz AR, Fitzgerald N. Chemical contamination of soils in the New York City area following Hurricane Sandy. Status of Hurricane Florence at 8 a.m. EDT. 1985;15:333–7. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol (2021). Impacts from the storm were otherwise minimal, with no material damage reported. U.S. EPA. Threats of harming another In south Florida, Hurricane Andrew completely stripped vegetation from the northernmost Florida Keys. Other contaminants measured across sampling sites, or corresponding hazard index and cancer risk, did not exhibit spatial or temporal differences or were of concern. Thank you for visiting nature.com. “It’s very sad and scary to see how little is still intact in there,” Haley Smith, a junior dance major from, North Carolina, said. Comparing residential contamination in a Houston environmental justice neighborhood before and after Hurricane Harvey. All prices are NET prices. Center for Urban Resilience director, Strauss likens people building construction close to the coastal margins to sitting one’s family in front of the bumper of their car, stating that when in a car one is protected by air bags and seat belts to lessen the impact of an accident. Watch Queue Queue “She also said that there’s a possibility that UNCW may not be able to finish out the semester due to devastation, but that’s just a rumor,” Chan continued. Use of bioassays and sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to assess toxicity at coastal sites impacted by Hurricane Katrina. Impacts of Hurricane Florence persist in the Carolinas as flood waters rise. Contract No. 2020;711:135135. The storm hit the coast of North and South Carolina early this morning, but its dangerous impacts will last well into the weekend. Harkness JS, Sulkin B, Vengosh A. Approximately 1.5 million people are evacuating coastal areas, as Florence brews itself into a Category 4 hurricane, about 500 miles wide, and packing winds up to 150 miles per hour. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of coal fly ash: analysis by gas-liquid chromatography using nematic liquid crystals. 2019;18:61. Environmental impacts of the coal ash spill in Kingston, Tennessee: an 18-month survey. Storms can damage houses, highways and power lines, but they can also shut down businesses and grind daily activities to a halt. It harbours the potential for life-threatening conditions and has already forced mandatory evacuations. The authors declare no competing interests. Euripidou E, Murray V. Public health impacts of floods and chemical contamination. 2010;29:1409–18. Pollution, sources, and ecological-health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal waters along coastline of China. This weekend marks the one-year anniversary of the Category 1 storm’s arrival in Eastern North Carolina, where it lingered for … J Public Health (Oxf). USGS. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism Open access ToxCast/Tox21, toxicological priority index (ToxPi) and integrated chemical environment (ICE) models rank and predict acute pesticide toxicity: a case study. Be Proactive. J Hazard Mater. Watch Queue Queue. PAH at these sites were of human health concern because cancer risk values exceeded 1 × 10−6 threshold. Performance-based quality assurance—The NOAA National Status and Trends Program Experience. As a natural part of Earth’s climate, these disasters are events that have been altering the coasts for millions of years. Historical Hurricane Florence, September 12–15, 2018. Don't Threaten. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, editor. person will not be tolerated. As of press time, Hurricane Florence has claimed nearly 40 lives and caused extensive destruction in the hardest-hit areas of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. 1 LMU Dr. #8470 Regulatory Toxicol Pharmacol. U.S. EPA. 2016;31:89–92. By Surfrider Foundation. Rev Environ Health. Hurricane Florence Response. 2008;46:179–97. Posted by Rosa D. Forrester. Use the 'Report' link on Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures. Hurricane Florence made landfall in North Carolina in September 2018 causing extensive flooding. 2016;38:1115–24. The Environmental Impact of Hurricane Florence. Florence was labeled a post-tropical cyclone at 5 a.m. on Tuesday, Sept. 18, according to the National Hurricane Center. Following a similar trend, Hurricane Florence highlighted several environmental injustices when it hit the Carolinas in 2018. National Hurricane Center. North Carolina is full of small towns, and people will take care of each other down there,” Jennifer Chan, a senior film production major from North Carolina, said. This video shot Sept. 27, 2018, by Onslow County Government shows the coastal county just weeks after Hurricane Florence struck last year. Regional Screening Levels RSLS Generic Tables. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 2018;79:289–300. Plumlee GS, Morman GP, Meeker TM, Hoefen PL, Hageman RE, Wolf RE. The formation of a potential tropical cyclone packing 30 mph maximum sustained winds was announced by the National Weather Service on Aug. 3. : AL062018, Miami, FL; 2019. Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube. There have been several recent papers indicating that the number of hurricanes has not increased so far, but we have been seeing more intens[e] storms.”. Thousands of animals are killed, waterways are damaged, trees are uprooted and the ground is eroded. 2014;11:257–304. “Those are the questions we need to ask ourselves. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology Email notifications are only sent once a day, and only if there are new matching items. Krausmann E, Mushtaq F. A qualitative Natech damage scale for the impact of floods on selected industrial facilities. 11.7—the environmental and medical geochemistry of potentially hazardous materials produced by disasters. Int J Toxicol Envr Health. Get an email notification whenever someone contributes to the discussion. What will Hurricane Florence impact be on the economy? U.S. EPA. PubMed Google Scholar. The outer rainbands of Hurricane Florence began affecting North Carolina during the latter half of September 13. EPA is monitoring numerous sources of information for reports on releases of oil and hazardous substances from first responders engaged in search and rescue efforts, as well as media observations and reporting, … Hazard index and cancer risk were calculated using EPA Regional Screening Level Soil Screening Levels for residential soils. This study conducted temporal analysis of contaminant distribution and potential human health risks from Hurricane Florence-associated flooding. North Carolina Public Radio. 7 Lions groomed for a deep postseason run, Beach volleyball has a tough challenge ahead in the NCAA tournament, ASLMU unanimously passes resolution to address transgender athlete bans. 1992;16:290–300. Joyce S. The dead zones: oxygen-starved coastal waters. Days after Hurricane Harvey hit the Gulf Coast in 2017, it was reported that the superstorm had caused the release of nearly one million pounds of seven toxic compounds, including benzene, a carcinogenic substance, according to an analysis by the … “It [has] impacted all of NC and SC and has really devastated Wilmington, which is an adorable small beach town ... so it’s going to be a very long, difficult and expensive journey to fixing the coastal cities back up again.”. Flooding, particularly of hog lagoons, has sparked environmental concern in some areas. Hurricane Florence hit the Carolina coast on Sept. 14 with major flooding, leaving hundreds stranded, more than 500,000 without power, and at least 45 dead. An airman holds an Air Force plane in place after redirecting over 50 aircrafts due to Hurricane Florence. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, Environ Sci Technol. National Weather Service. Technometrics. 2012;2:289. Sci Total Environ. Even as flood waters continue to rise in some North Carolina rivers, local and national news sources are beginning to report on the economic and environmental impacts of Hurricane Florence: Thousands of residents displaced and in need of new homes, economic losses “conservatively” estimated at $22 billion, failing coal ash ponds and hog waste lagoons dumping hazardous waste into waterways, thousands of dead and decaying hogs and chickens. 2016;50:6583–92. Distribution and residue profile of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment and fish of Lake Manzala, Egypt. 2010;44:9272–8. Smith’s sister, who lives near Raleigh, NC, lost power for around 10 hours, had to stay with friends and experienced really strong winds and heavy rain that knocked down trees all of Saturday, according to Smith. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Hurricanes that have become diffused, like Florence, have high-speed winds that slow down and spread out. 2019. https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2019/3/science-highlights/disaster_research/index.htm. Trace element concentrations in surface estuarine and marine sediments along the Mississippi Gulf Coast following Hurricane Katrina. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2020. https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables. Share with Us. To minimize the risk, should we actually allow houses to be [built there],” Strauss said. The risk modeling company RMS has estimated that Hurricane Florence has caused between $2.8 and $5 billion in insured losses, with between $800 million and $1.2 billion coming out of the federally-backed National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). This week, Dub Geographic explains a few key envirnomental dangers to look out for in the aftermath of Hurricane Florence. Schwartz GE, Hower JC, Phillips AL, Rivera N, Vengosh A, Hsu-Kim H. Ranking coal ash materials for their potential to leach arsenic and selenium: relative importance of ash chemistry and site biogeochemistry. Article  Kayan Tara is a senior Theatre Arts and English double major from Mumbai, India. The impact of coal-powered electrical plants and coal ash impoundments on the health of residential communities. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2010. Heliyon. Hurricane Florence brought large amounts of rain to North Carolina, resulting in widespread flooding. Improving Hurricane harvey disaster research response through academic-practice partnerships. After the eye crossed Wrightsville Beach, NC at 7:15 a.m. the storm spent the next two days producing record-breaking The environmental and economic impact of Hurricane Florence More As the water continues to rise and thousands of people are without power that is degrading to another person. We'd love to hear eyewitness Development of a relative potency factor (Rpf) approach for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures (external review draft). 2018;35:728–38. 2005;27:36–46. Vengosh A, Cowan EA, Coyte RM, Kondash AJ, Wang Z, Brandt JE, et al. This work shows the importance of rapid exposure assessment following natural disasters. PAH and metals detected downstream from the coal ash storage pond that leaked were detected and were indicative of a pyrogenic source of contamination. There were 54 deaths attributed to the storm, including 40 in North Carolina. The latest mandatory evacuation order as of Monday, Sept. 17 has been issued to around 200,000 of the residents of the inland city of Fayetteville, North Carolina, where the Cape Fear River is experiencing a rapid rise in water levels, according to the Huffington Post. Woodruff JD, Irish JL, Camargo SJ. Evidence for coal ash ponds leaking in the Southeastern United States. Given the likely occurrence of other intense hurricanes in the near future, the timely assessment of this major hurricane can provide Waters keep rising as slow-moving Hurricane Florence continued westward, … Biesecker M, Kastanis A. Hurricane Florence breaches manure lagoon, coal ash pit in North Carolina. provides information on fatalities, property damage, and environmental impact caused by hurricane Florence based on best available data at the time of publication. Epidemiol Rev. A post shared by The Los Angeles Loyolan (@laloyolan), laloyolan.com In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles “We have to ask ourselves the question, where is it appropriate for us to live on a changing earth? The authors wish to thank Dr. Elena Craft (Environmental Defense Fund) for assistance with sampling logistics. Ahern M, Kovats RS, Wilkinson P, Few R, Matthies F. Global health impacts of floods: epidemiologic evidence. 2018. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/hurricane-florence-breaches-manure-lagoon-coal-ash-pit-in-north-carolina. Nat Geosci. Nature. Coastal flooding by tropical cyclones and sea-level rise. Notifications from this discussion will be disabled. In her free time she likes taking naps on the beach, trying new foods and contemplating the vastness of the universe as she drinks way too many cups of tea. Soil Sediment Contam. ABC News. Nat Hazards Rev. Be Truthful. Coal ash basics. Later this week, Hurricane Florence is expected to hit the southern portion of the U.S. East Coast. Correspondence to 2010;3:157. Provisional guidance for quantitative risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). 2018. https://www.weather.gov/mhx/Florence2018. Environ Eng Sci. Environ Health. Soil sampling operating procedure. Ample atmospheric moisture combined with strong upward lift from the anticyclone atop Florence yielded an environment conducive to widespread torrential precipitation. J Toxicol Environ Health. Environmental impacts of Hurricane Florence flooding in eastern North Carolina: temporal analysis of contaminant distribution and potential human health risks. Am J Public Health. Hurricane Florence has had devastating impacts in North and South Carolina. The Environmental Impact of Hurricanes in Florida It’s not just the people who suffer when hurricanes make landfall. NOAA. National Coastal Condition Assessment Quality Assurance Project Plan. Disruptive rainfall and strong winds affected Brava, Fogo, and Santiago in Cape Verde, causing some landslides and localized flooding. Myers J, Thorbjornsen K. Identifying metals contamination in soil: a geochemical approach. Forensic source differentiation of petrogenic, pyrogenic, and biogenic hydrocarbons in Canadian oil sands environmental samples. Lyon, France: WHO; 2010. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), editor. 2019;109:1198–201. 2020;5:102–25. Geochemical and mineralogical data for soils of the conterminous United States. Environmental exposures due to natural disasters. As Florence spins toward the Carolinas with 130 mile-per-hour winds, the northern Atlantic ocean is spinning two other named hurricanes—Isaac and Helene. Occurrence and distribution of hexavalent chromium in groundwater from North Carolina, USA. N C Med J. Many residents of the region had not anticipated the extent of the flooding from the slow-moving storm, and hundreds required emergency evacuation. J La State Med Soc. Lu J, Zhang C, Wu J, Lin YC, Zhang YX, Yu XB, et al. Ivan Rusyn. Amolegbe S. Texas workshop prepares trainees for disaster research. Dewitt D. Researcher: Sutton Lake site of numerous coal ash spills. By Ken September 18, 2018 No Comments. 1999;33:3100–9. 2019;686:1090–103. In the case of mangrove trees, defoliation and wood damage killed large old stands along the shoreline. Knap AH, Rusyn I. By Sara Amolegbe After Hurricane Florence devastated parts of North and South Carolina in September, current and former NIEHS Superfund Research Program (SRP) grantees hit the ground running to test for pollution. Metals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. U.S. EPA. El-Kady AA, Wade TL, Sweet ST, Sericano JL. PubMed  As investors kept their eyes on the weather and its potential for destruction, estimates emerged of up to $27 billion in hurricane damage. 2013;504:44–52. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. As a society, we’re smart enough, capable enough and privileged enough to make those decisions and help those communities who are underserved and underprivileged to be able to make the right decisions.”. U.S. EPA. “As we get deeper in climate change, big tropical storms like hurricanes are predicted to become not only larger, but could result in more precipitation, and possibly move slower due to changing pressure systems and wind patterns that steer these storms,” John Dorsey, chair of environmental science and professor of civil engineering, said. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment; 1993. ISSN 1559-064X (online), journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics, https://energynews.us/2018/10/16/southeast/critics-north-carolina-officials-failing-after-florence-coal-ash-spills/, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/hurricane-florence-breaches-manure-lagoon-coal-ash-pit-in-north-carolina, https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables, https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2019/3/science-highlights/disaster_research/index.htm, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00325-5. To obtain Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2020. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics. Google Scholar. Environmental impacts of Hurricane Florence flooding in eastern North Carolina: temporal analysis of contaminant distribution and potential human health risks Noor A. 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