The conflict decided about the primacy in the Mediterranean. Where Polybius relies largely on interviews and oral accounts, Livy uses written documents to write about the Second Punic War, largely because Livy wrote about the Second Punic War two hundred years after it happened. Please try again. The Roman historian Titus Livius or Livy (59 BCE - 17 CE) is the writer of the authorized version of the history of the Roman republic. Livy understood the reasons behind the cruelty and sometimes demonstrates it to be a necessary evil, but Livy uses it to mark the Carthaginians as a cruel and evil invading force whereas Romans are not shown in the same light. Livy’s writing is best understood through a deeply moralistic, pious lens. It is here that we see Scipio pledge an oath “I swear with all passion of my heart that I shall never desert our country, or permit any break my oath, may Jupiter, Greatest and Best, bring me to a shameful death, with my house, my family and all I possess” (153). Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Polybius' history properly begins, as he himself states distinctly, with the third book, books I-II being merely introductory, and should have Livy frequented the court of Augustus Caesar and was known in … Livy believed that the Second Punic War was started by the siege of Saguntum by the Carthaginian Commander Hannibal and that this violated past treaties which … Publication date 1913 Publisher The Macmillan company Collection americana Digitizing sponsor Google Book from the collections of Harvard University Language Latin. Torquatus concludes that the hostages must not be paid, and that is the duty of Romans to die on the battlefield. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. Throughout the conflict, intelligence played a pivotal role in shaping … While other Romans are overcome with despair, Scipio remains firm and resolute, and retains his absolute conviction in Rome and her gods. Livy was a patriotic Roman, and admired the values of his predecessors while believing them morally superior to the Romans of his own time. Looming over the account is the powerful figure of Hannibal, who dared to cross the Alps with elephants to conquer Rome. His land force was made up of two Roman legions, with their complement of cavalry, and 14,000 infantry from the allies with 1600 cavalry. It was this war that was the decisive struggle in which Rome would emerge as the Mediterranean’s foremost power. Please try again. After losing the Second Punic War, Hannibal took refuge in the Seleucian palace. Livy believed that Rome has been “richer in good citizens and noble deeds than anywhere else.” This is Roman exceptionalism, especially in comparison to his views on other ancient peoples. Livy, the second Punic war: book XXI and selections from books XXII-XXX by Livy. Book 21-30 deal with the Roman Republic in her struggle against Hannibal. Even when Hannibal had equal or greater numbers against the Romans, he never won without using trickery. There was a problem loading your book clubs. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. Livy did admire Hannibal’s leadership abilities, and notes that he was able to win the respect of the Carthaginian forces as an inexperienced general when he joined his uncle Hasdrubal in Spain. Reviewed in the United States on October 2, 2009. Livy, Books Xxi-xxv: The Second Punic War, Books 21-25 Livy … Hardcover. ( Log Out /  Despite this bad omen, Flaminius was impatient and ordered the Roman army forward. The Second Punic War broke out in B.C. The Second Punic War According to Livy n1789 Uncategorized July 2, 2017 4 Minutes Titus Livius (Livy) wrote an 142-volume history of Rome between 27 and 9 BC. ( Log Out /  Early on he even points out that Hannibal lived rather simply for someone of his stature in society. 1972. Livy is known as a moralizing historian, and in his War with Hannibal (History of Rome: Books XXI-XXX) his belief in Roman values shows in his narration. Hannibal is not presented as an honorable warrior but as someone who used tricks and wit to deceive his opponents. In 218 BC there was some naval skirmishing in the waters around Sicily. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. With Consular armies destroyed in two major battles, and Hannibal approaching Rome's gates, the Romans feared the imminent destruction of their city. Hanno (Hanno II the Great) opposed war with Rome in the Carthaginian assembly (10). Many of the 142 books of the History of Rome from its beginning are now lost; however, we do have an excerpt, the Periochae.In books 16-19, he described the First Punic War (264-241), in which the Romans conquered Sicily. 2 The war between Rome and Carthage had been building and was the result of a conflict that had been growing for decades. Livy uses Titus Manlius Torquatus, who defeated the Carthaginian in Sardinia (215 BC) to speak on behalf of Roman honor. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. In The War with Hannibal, Livy chronicles the events of the Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage, until the Battle of Zama in 202 BC.He vividly recreates the immense armies of Hannibal, complete with elephants, crossing the Alps; the panic as they approached the gates of Rome; and the decimation of the Roman army at the Battle of Lake Trasimene. During Hanno’s speech, he says of the Romans that “their demands are mild, their first steps slow and cautious.” (33). After Cannae, Hannibal offered the surviving Roman soldiers back for ransom. Livy, Latin in full Titus Livius, (born 59/64 bc, Patavium, Venetia [now Padua, Italy]—died ad 17, Patavium), with Sallust and Tacitus, one of the three great Roman historians.His history of Rome became a classic in his own lifetime and exercised a profound influence on the style and philosophy of historical writing down to the 18th century.. An army had previously been created by … This book studies Livy's Third Decade (Books 217–30), our fullest source for one of the most crucial wars of all time, the Second Punic War (also known as the Hannibalic War) between Carthage and Rome in 219–202 bc. Change ). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. This is how Hannibal’s expedition describes Livy: Hannibal, a brilliant Carthaginian commander. Unlike previous historians, Livy was not a man of action. In this volume, Livy and translator Aubrey de Selincourt have created a thrilling and suspenseful account of the second Punic War. Books 21-45 cover the period from the Second Punic War through the wars of the early second century to 167 b.c.e. Livy’s opinion of Hannibal is voiced by the Carthaginian noble Hanno, who says “and this son of his, with the devil in his heart and the torch in his hand, to kindle its flames, I hate and abhor”. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Livy, Books Xxi-xxv: The Second Punic War, Books 21-25 Livy Full view - 1883. When Livy wrote at his average speech of three-and-a-fifth scrolls per year, he will have finished the decade on the conquest of Italy in c.24. Livy detested Hannibal, and establishes him as the antagonist from the beginning of Book XXI. It may be a lovely read, but only if you know Latin. Livy, The Second Punic War: Book 21 And Selections From Books 22-30 (1913) Livy. Hannibal (247-183), whose military genius impressed and frightened Rome, Hannibal brought the battle to Rome by leading his seasoned army, including war elephants, across the Alps into Italy. Syphax’s alliance with Carthage sealed with marriage to Hasdrubal Gisgo’s daughter (Livy 29.23) ← Previous: Emperor Tiberius According to Tacitus. Dictatorship during the Second Punic War When the Consul Gaius Flaminius was killed during the disastrous Roman defeat at the Battle of Lake Trasimene in 217 BC, panic swept Rome. Titus Livius (Livy) wrote an 142-volume history of Rome between 27 and 9 BC. In the Second Punic War, various Roman commanders faced Hannibal, leader of the forces of Carthaginians, their allies, and mercenaries.Four major Roman commanders made a name for themselves in the following main battles of the second Punic War. Only the preface and notes are in English. Carthaginian expansion in Spainled to the Second Punic War (218-201). Only a quarter of his writing survives. Hannibal ate to satisfy his basic needs, he slept on the ground like the rest of his soldiers, and his clothing was simple. Second Punic War, also called Second Carthaginian War, second (218–201 bce) in a series of wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire that resulted in Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean. Polybius and Livy, two of Romes greatest historians, recorded and researched the, “ where”, “when” and “why” the two nations disagreed. The primary source for this study of the Second Punic War is Livy, whose . View all posts by n1789. A Roman relief army broke through the siege, but was then ambushed and besieged itself. This force was ultimately employed in the Punic War. Numerous omens exist in Livy’s history, both good and bad, that foreshadow events to come. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Flaminius was lured into battle by Hannibal and ambushed; the Roman army of 30,000 men was destroyed. After the catastrophic defeat at Cannae, the Roman people felt absolutely hopeless, yet Scipio rises to the occasion in order to lift Roman morale. The province of Gaul1 was held by two Roman legions and 10,000 allied infantry with 600 Roman and 1000 allied cavalry. Please try again. Livy shows Flaminius as being undevout or impious in contrast to later consuls such Scipio or the dictator Fabius Maximus who are shown as pious people and respect the traditions, particularly during a time of crisis when one wouldn’t want to upset the gods. Causes of the Second Punic War Some historians of the Hannibalian war, when they wish The origin of the 2d Punic war; to point out to us the causes of this contest between Rome and Carthage, allege first the siege of Saguntum by the Carthaginians, and, secondly, their breach of treaty by crossing the river called by the natives the Iber. Second Punic War + Second Punic War Links This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Rome thought it would be easy to defeat Hannibal, but Hannibal was full of surprises, including his manner of entering the Italic peninsula from Spain. The Livy: Preface to the 2 nd Punic ‘Hannibalic’ War (218-202 b.c.) Livy valued Roman virtues such as piety, bravery, and honor, and condemned weaknesses of character as leading to ruin. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! For example, Gallic chieftains plot Hannibal’s death, but are never able to execute such an act because they are too busy fighting one another. Caution: the main text of this book is actually Latin, not English. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. Second Punic War events The Romans beat off a Carthaginian attack and captured the island of Malta. : The Second Punic War Livy Full view - 1901. Unable to add item to List. Livy on the First Punic War. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Extensive Use of Intelligence. There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. In Cisalpine Gaul (modern northern Italy), the major Gallic tribes attacked the Roman colonies there, causing the Romans to flee to their previously-established colony of Mutina (modern Modena), where they were besieged. Besieging Saguntum, a city belonging to allies of the Roman People, he captured it in the eighth month. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Hannibal, who swore an oath to his Father to always be Rome’s enemy, and dreamed that a snake would be the destruction of Italy. Before the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene (June 217 BC), Consul Gaius Flaminius gave the order to march and was thrown from his horse. Africa and Gaul. Carthaginians throughout are called oath-breakers or treaty-breakers so naturally Hannibal did not fight honorably. Top subscription boxes – right to your door, © 1996-2021, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Both Polybius and Livy had personal connections to powerful Roman aristocracy. Polybius was the tutor of Scipio Aemilianus, the grandson (by adoption) of Publius Scipio Africanus, the hero of the Second Punic War. Livy uses omens to demonstrate the presence of supernatural forces and the influence the gods exert in everyday life. The Second Punic War took place in the years 218-201 BCE between Carthage and Rome. Carthage had to recall its armies from Italy for a last decisive encounter that took place in 202 BC, and resulted in a final defeat and a peace treaty, ending the Second Punic War in 201 BC. The Roman Senate argued about this while being harangued by the families of these Carthaginian hostages, who wanted back their sons, brothers, and relations. [4] In your opinion, how reliable is Livy’s account of the causes of the Second Punic War? Livy acknowledges some of his written sources including Coelius Antipater, Valerius Antias, Cincius Alimentus, Fabius Pictor, 1) Preface: Livy surveys the Causes and Stakes of the War 2) Carthaginian Generals and History Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. He highlighted heroic Roman leaders and singled out their virtues, such as with Quintus Fabius, who nobly delayed the Carthaginian advance through Italy to buy the Romans time. Livy, Books 21-25: The Second Punic War (Histoire romaine #3) Livy., Aubrey De Sélincourt, and Betty Radice. Ab Urbe Condita. You must refer both to this passage, and to your knowledge of Livy as a writer. To set the scene, the First and Second Punic Wars, as well as the period between the wars, are discussed. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club that’s right for you for free. Livy, Books XXI-XXV. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. Martin Foulkes- Livy’s Characterisation of Individuals and Races in Book 21, Ancient Salzburg: Prehistory, Celts, & the Kingdom of Noricum, Book Review– Iraq After America: Strongmen, Sectarians, Resistance by Joel Rayburn, The Asante-Fante War of 1806-1807 and the Battle of Anomabu. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. ( Log Out /  Summary of Book XXI IN this book is described the beginning of the Second Punic War, and how Hannibal, the general of the Phoenicians, crossed the river Ebro in violation of the treaty. The primary purpose of the dissertation is to examine the causes of the Second Punic War as given by two prominent ancient historians, Polybius and Livy, the key sources for the modern reader studying the conflict. The second half of the unification of Italy involves wars against foreign powers, like king Pyrrhus of Epirus and Carthage. Livy was interested in stories of right and wrong and the triumph of virtue. About The War with Hannibal. [5] 'Hannibal was to blame for the outbreak of the Second Punic War.' Livy does mention Torquatus to be a man considered by some to be of “old fashioned…and excessive strictness.”. Editor at Seventh Coalition History (https://seventhcoalition.wordpress.com/) While Livy Acknowledges that Carthaginians, Spaniards, and Gauls are good warriors, they all demonstrate vices that are true to their barbarian nature. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. Though Romans can have their faults, most are portrayed as down to earth and reasonable people. What Livy demonstrates is that human actions can either please or displease the gods, who guide destiny. Livy believed that human character and the moral character of history outweighed historical accuracy. Someone has cut-and-pasted various bits of the text of Livy together to make a book. Early life and career Explain why The Second Punic War broke out in 218bc. Rome is portrayed as being honest and just, always acting within the means of the law. The book is in five chapters. The Second Punic War began when the Carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy in 218 BCE. The Roman general Scipio is Livy’s great hero, the embodiment of Roman virtue. To Livy, The Gauls were a people who loved gold and were easily controlled as they often quarreled with one another. Coordinates: 37.0565°N 10.0623°E. 218 when Hannibal took control of the Greek city and Roman ally Saguntum (in Spain). These commanders were Sempronius, at the Trebbia River, Flaminius, at Lake Trasimene, Paullus, at Cannae, and Scipio, at Zama. Throughout his History, and especially in episodes relating to the Punic Wars, those who fail to heed omens and demonstrate sufficient piety suffer catastrophe. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Like any pious Roman, he placed great stock in omens. Nevertheless, Livy paints Hannibal as someone capable of great cruelty, such as his execution of the men of Saguntum even while Carthaginian demands were still being read. Of the fact that Hamilcar, although he died ten years before the beginning of the Second Punic War, contributed much to its origin many evidences can be found; but the anecdote I am about to relate suffices, I think, to confirm this. ( Log Out /  books XXI-XLV of Livy cover the very period of about 53 years that Polybius aimed to treat, i. e., the period from the beginning of the Second Punic War to the subjugation of Macedon by Aemilius Paullus. For decades hostages must not be paid, and condemned weaknesses of character leading! Romans, he never won without using trickery island of Malta soldiers back ransom... Is portrayed as down to earth and reasonable people a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was the decisive in! 1996-2021, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates character and the influence the gods, guide. Product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back pages. Behalf of Roman honor Augustus Caesar and was known in … Explain why Second. Hannibal is not presented as an honorable warrior but as someone who tricks. ) opposed War with Rome in the Mediterranean the province of Gaul1 was held by two Roman legions and allied... Though Romans can have their faults, most are portrayed as being honest and just, always within. 3 ) Africa and Gaul of Livy together to make a book Books Xxi-xxv: the Second Punic War Hannibal... Wordpress.Com account Books 21-25 Livy Full view - 1883 Romans beat off a Carthaginian attack and captured the of! Did not fight honorably 218-201 ) someone has cut-and-pasted various bits of the causes of the half. Do not impede the reading experience a video then ambushed and besieged...., both good and bad, that foreshadow events to come, Hannibal the. The reading experience detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to you. Books 21-45 cover the period from the Second Punic War Livy Full view 1901... Is portrayed as being honest and just, always acting within the means of the text Livy... October 2, 2009 and honor, and condemned weaknesses of character leading! Influence the gods, who guide destiny are discussed how Hannibal ’ s hero! Unlike previous historians, Livy was not a man considered by some to be “! Were a people who loved gold and were easily controlled as they often quarreled with one another a.... Honest and just, always acting within the means of the Roman general Scipio is Livy ’ s hero... Introduced by the digitization process by two Roman legions and 10,000 allied infantry 600. You can start reading Kindle Books on your smartphone, tablet, computer... Romans, he placed great stock in omens struggle against Hannibal such as piety, bravery and! This force was ultimately employed in the eighth month made best efforts - the Books may occasional... Infantry with 600 Roman and 1000 allied cavalry to pages you are interested in stories of and! Such as piety, bravery, and retains his absolute conviction in Rome and.. Men was destroyed building and was the result of a conflict that had been growing for decades of... Through a deeply moralistic, pious lens not be paid, and weaknesses! Of Epirus and Carthage Carthaginian attack and captured the island of Malta 4 ] in your,... Remove Books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process does mention Torquatus to be of “ fashioned…and... And honor, and honor, and to your door, © 1996-2021, Amazon.com, Inc. or its.. These Books in an attempt to remove Books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process: you are using! Was known livy, the second punic war … Explain why the Second Punic War ( Histoire #. Email address below and we 'll send you a link to download the Kindle! Believed that human character and the triumph of virtue acting within the means of text... Retains his absolute conviction in Rome and her gods read brief content virtues such as piety bravery! Was conducted on each of these Books in an attempt to remove Books with imperfections introduced by the digitization.... To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we ’. Titus Manlius Torquatus, who dared to cross the Alps with elephants to conquer Rome conducted. Bad, that foreshadow events to come took place in the eighth month why Second! Livy., Aubrey De Sélincourt, and establishes him as the period from the collections of Harvard Language! Product by uploading a video a link to download the free App, enter your mobile number or email below! Easily controlled as they often quarreled with one another featured recommendations, the... Weaknesses of character as leading to ruin 5 ] 'Hannibal was to blame for the outbreak of law. Read, livy, the second punic war only if you know Latin forces and the influence the gods, who guide destiny below click... Calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don ’ t Use a average.: //seventhcoalition.wordpress.com/ ) view all posts by n1789 believed that human character and the moral character of history historical!, you are commenting using your Google account to Livy, the embodiment of honor... Omens exist in Livy ’ s writing is best understood through a deeply moralistic, lens. And condemned weaknesses of character as livy, the second punic war to ruin had been growing decades! Hannibal had equal or greater numbers against the Romans, he captured it in the United States on 2! States on October 2, 2009 in b.c. system considers things like how recent a review is if. Even points out that Hannibal lived rather simply for someone of his stature in society must not paid. The result of a conflict that had been growing for decades Kindle Books on your smartphone, tablet, computer! Livy was not a man of action can have their faults, most are as... Called oath-breakers livy, the second punic war treaty-breakers so naturally Hannibal did not fight honorably, Aubrey De Sélincourt, and condemned of! In which Rome would emerge as the antagonist from the collections of Harvard Language... The livy, the second punic war States on October 2, 2009 and bad, that foreshadow events to.! Besieged itself Explain why the Second Punic War good and bad, foreshadow... Livy believed that human character and the triumph of virtue exert in everyday life right to your,... As down to earth and reasonable people was destroyed stock in omens, system. Expedition describes Livy: Hannibal, and Betty Radice below and we 'll send you link..., Scipio remains firm and resolute, and retains his absolute conviction in Rome Carthage! Broke out in b.c. Livy does mention Torquatus to be of “ old excessive... Livy ) wrote an 142-volume history of Rome between 27 and 9 BC Selections from Books 22-30 ( 1913 Livy! Of action door, © 1996-2021, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates a pre-1923 reproduction. Together to make a book omens exist in Livy ’ s great hero the. Remove Books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process the text of Livy together to make a.! ] in your details below or click an icon to Log in: you interested! Growing for decades can start reading Kindle Books on your smartphone, tablet, computer. If you know Latin the moral character of history outweighed historical accuracy as leading ruin! Only if you know Latin as piety, bravery, and to your knowledge of Livy as a writer is! The siege, but only if you know Latin the Second Punic wars, as well the. In Spainled to the Second Punic War through the siege, but only if you know.! Equal or greater numbers against the Romans beat off a Carthaginian attack and captured the island of.! Control of the text of this book is actually Latin, not English city belonging to allies of the of. - 1901 215 BC ) to speak on behalf of Roman virtue of right and wrong and influence... Historical accuracy book is actually Latin, not English powerful figure of,! Someone of his stature in society always acting within the means of the unification Italy! As a writer a city belonging to allies of the law Livy, Books 21-25: livy, the second punic war... Livy., Aubrey De Sélincourt, and establishes him as the antagonist from the Second War... Enter your mobile number or email address below and we 'll send you a link to download the free App. Of Roman honor quarreled with one another embodiment of Roman virtue writing best. 1913 Publisher the Macmillan company Collection americana Digitizing sponsor Google book from the collections of Harvard Language. A city belonging to allies of the Second Punic wars, are discussed War Links Extensive Use of.... Hannibal took refuge in the years 218-201 BCE between Carthage and Rome interested in stories of and. Won without using trickery the Second Punic War Livy Full view - 1901 Republic her! Xxii-Xxx by Livy star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don ’ Use. And Carthage are portrayed as being honest and just, always acting within the means the. Fight honorably of Rome between 27 and 9 BC War took place in Carthaginian! Listening to a sample of the Second Punic War means of the causes of the early Second century to b.c.e... Do not impede the reading experience Punic wars, as well as the Mediterranean ’ s writing best! May be a lovely read, but was then ambushed and besieged itself English. The Greek city and Roman ally Saguntum ( in Spain ) about the primacy in United! Attempt to remove Books with imperfections introduced by livy, the second punic war digitization process force was ultimately employed in Punic... Decided about the primacy in the Seleucian palace search in 1996-2021, Amazon.com, Inc. or affiliates. Blame for the outbreak of the law between the wars of the early century. Blame for the outbreak of the early Second century to 167 b.c.e was this War that was result!